Tears during childbirth

In most cases, women give birth normally, without complications. But if difficulties arise, then most often these are ruptures. Let's figure out what the causes of this pathology are and how you can avoid it.

Uterine rupture during childbirth

This injury to the female organ is considered the most severe. Fortunately, it happens quite rarely. Mainly cause of rupture uterus during childbirth, a previously performed cesarean section becomes apparent. In this case, the uterus ruptures along the old scar. For this reason, most doctors are inclined to believe that if the first birth was performed by cesarean section, then the subsequent birth will have the same operation.

In addition to the future mother having a history of cesarean section, the cause of this pathology may be:

• Obstacles that make it impossible for the baby to pass through the birth canal, for example, the woman in labor has a narrow pelvis or the fetus is very large.
• Abdominal injuries.
• Inducing labor without the need for it.
• Long and weak labor.
• Techniques that facilitate the extraction of the child, for example, when applying obstetric forceps.

The rupture can be in the form of a crack, complete or incomplete. The place of rupture can be at the bottom of the uterus, in its body or in the lower part. First, there is a threat of rupture, in which doctors need to take measures to stop it. If help is not provided in time, then the process of rupture begins. In this case, everything must be done to complete the birth as soon as possible. Most often, emergency caesarean section to remove the baby from the mother's body and stop the bleeding. If proper assistance is not provided, both the child and the mother may die.

Cervical rupture during childbirth

This type of pathology occurs quite often. In most cases, the cervix ruptures during childbirth in first-time mothers. The reasons for this phenomenon:

• First birth after 30 years of age. In this case, the cervix is ​​less elastic and more susceptible to rupture.
• Excessive stretching of the cervix in case of rapid labor or too large a baby.
• As a result of operations that help remove the child - the application of obstetric forceps or the use of vacuum.

Depending on the nature of the damage, cervical rupture is usually divided into 3 degrees. With small tears, up to 1 cm, the woman experiences mild bleeding and pain in the lower abdomen. Most often, the cause of such a gap is incorrect woman's behavior during childbirth.

If, on an ultrasound, doctors incorrectly compared the size of the child’s head with the size of the mother’s pelvis, then a 2nd degree rupture is possible. In this case, its size is no more than 2 cm, the rupture site is concentrated only on the uterus and does not affect the vagina.

If the vagina is also involved in the rupture, a 3rd degree rupture is established. In this case, there is severe bleeding, often with clots. And in this case, the woman experiences all the symptoms of internal bleeding: a sharp drop in blood pressure, pallor, cold sweat, increased heart rate. In this case, emergency surgery is also performed.

How to prepare for childbirth without tearing

No doctor can give a complete guarantee that the birth will go well, without ruptures. But it is up to the woman herself to take some steps to reduce this risk.

First of all, you need to start eating right as early as possible - do not overeat or eat a lot of high-calorie foods. Then the baby won't be too big. Excessive consumption of baked goods can lead to the development of thrush, which reduces the distensibility of the walls of the birth canal. Also, you should not mindlessly take calcium supplements - it can make the baby’s skull bones too hard. To prepare the cervix, it is very good to use primrose oil.

It is useful to make special physical exercise to make the perineum more elastic. These are exercises to improve blood circulation, as well as stretching complexes. Kegel exercises are very good for preparing for the upcoming birth.

Performing a special massage of the perineal area significantly reduces the likelihood of rupture. It should be done every day in the last third of pregnancy.

In addition to physical preparation, psychological preparation is no less important. A woman should know how the birth process proceeds, how to breathe and push correctly. All these issues can be studied in special courses. If you are really scared, then it is best to consult a psychologist. He will help a woman cope with panic before childbirth.